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Augmentation vs. Simulation: Early Computing Concepts

“Before the arrival of the Xerox scientists and the Homebrew hobbyists, the technology underlying personal computing were being pursued at two government-funded research laboratories located on opposite sides of Stanford University. The two labs had been founded during the sixties, based on fundamentally different philosophies: Douglas Engelbart’s Augmented Human Intellect Research Center at Stanford Research Institute was dedicated to the concept that powerful computing machine would be able to substantially increase the power of the human mind. In contrast, John McCarthy’s Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory began with the goal of creating a simulated human intelligence”

Excerpt from “What the Dormouse Said”, John Markoff, page x.